| Antimony trichloride | |
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Antimony trichloride |
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Trichlorostibane |
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Other names
Antimony (III) chloride Butter of antimony |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 10025-91-9 |
| PubChem | 24814 |
| ChemSpider | 23199 |
| UNII | J281401KK3 |
| EC number | 233-047-2 |
| UN number | 1733 |
| KEGG | C15235 |
| MeSH | Antimony+trichloride |
| RTECS number | CC4900000 |
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | SbCl3 |
| Molar mass | 228.13 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless solid hygroscopic |
| Odor | sharp, pungent |
| Density | 3.140 g/cm3 |
| Melting point |
73.4 °C |
| Boiling point |
220.3 °C |
| Solubility in water | 602 g/100 cm3 (0 °C) 910 g/100 cm3 (20 °C) |
| Solubility in organic solvents | soluble in ABS alcohol, methylene chloride, benzene, acetone, ethanol, dioxane, carbon disulfide |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | ICSC 1224 |
| EU Index | 051-001-00-8 |
| EU classification | Corrosive (C) Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| R-phrases | R34, R51/53 |
| S-phrases | (S1/2), S26, S45, S61 |
| NFPA 704 |
0
2
1
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| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| LD50 | 525 mg/kg (oral, rat) |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Antimony trifluoride Antimony tribromide Antimony triiodide |
| Other cations | Nitrogen trichloride Phosphorus trichloride Arsenic trichloride Bismuth chloride |
| (verify) (what is: /?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
Antimony trichloride is the chemical compound with the formula SbCl3. The soft colorless solid with a pungent odor was known to the alchemists as butter of antimony.
Contents |
Antimony trichloride is prepared by reaction of chlorine with antimony, antimony trioxide or antimony trisulfide. It also may be made by treating antimony trioxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid.
On contact with water, it undergoes hydrolysis, forming antimony oxychloride and releasing hydrogen chloride. Thus, samples of SbCl3 must be protected from moisture.
Further indicating its Lewis acidity, SbCl3 forms adducts with chloride, e.g. [SbCl5]2−.[1]
Antimony trichloride can behave as a Lewis base. However, such reactions are very limited. They include the formation of carbonyl complexes Fe(CO)3(SbCl3)2 and Ni(CO)3SbCl3.
SbCl3 is a reagent for detecting vitamin A and related carotenoids in the Carr-Price test. The antimony trichloride reacts with the carotenoid to form a blue complex that can be measured by colorimetry.
Antimony trichloride has also been used to enhance the louche effect in absinthe. It has been used in the past to dissolve and remove horn stubs from calves without having to cut them off.
It is also used as a catalyst for polymerization, hydrocracking and chlorination reactions; as a mordant; and in the production of other antimony salts. Its solution is used as an analytical reagent for chloral, aromatics and vitamin A. [2]
In episode 12 of the third season of the popular British program All Creatures Great and Small, several calves died following an episode of nonspecific gastroenteritis, the cause of which was later determined to be ingestion of antimony trichloride present in a solution used to dissolve their horn stubs.
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